Soils are the traditional materials for municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill daily covers, but their performance is debatable, particularly in consumption of the valuable landfill space (Aivaliotis & al. 1995; Greedy 1995; Haughey 2001; Panagiotakopoulos and Dokas 2001; Aivaliotis & al. 2004) and in contribution to waste mass hydraulic heterogeneity and instability (Hancock & al. 1999, Jang 2000, Dixon and Jones 2005). The use of waste materials, which should be disposed of to landfills, as landfill daily covers encourages the practice of waste recycling and thereby prolongs the life of existing landfills. In addition, it also provides a practical solution to places where suitable soils are not readily available.

Existing way of waste management almost nowhere complies with the ecological principles, criteria and standards. Essentially, this proves to be true for the island of Krk as well. The pollution of environment, water and air along with environment destruction results not only in the destruction of our values and resources but in the destruction of our children's, grandchildren's and great grandchildren's future. In a special and dramatic way this happens to a precious and delicate environment (limestone area, sea) of island Krk. (Session A6: Waste collection)

Valorsul, S.A. is the company responsible for the treatment of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) produced in Lisbon, approximately 800 thousand tons per year. It covers a population of 1 176 180 inhabitants, which represents 12% of the total inhabitants of Portugal. In 1994, this multimunicipal system for processing and recovery of MSW from Lisbon (North) was created, including the municipalities of Amadora, Lisbon, Loures and Vila Franca de Xira. (Session A8: Biological treatment - anaerobic digestion (I))

The Decree 2939/2001 “on packaging and the alternative management of packaging and other products” integrates into the Greek national law the EU Packaging Directive (94/62/EC) and sets accordingly the quantitative targets for packaging waste recycling and recovery, as well as regulating the organizational framework for the “alternative management” of packaging waste, i.e. their recycling and recovery, which diverts them from landfilling. Under this framework, the compulsory organization of and participation in “alternative management systems” by those introducing packaging into the Greek market (producers or importers) is foreseen, according to the “polluter pays” principle. (Session A10: Waste recycling (II))

The municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in Italy in 2005 was 31.7 million metric tones, corresponding to an average of 539 kg per capita. In the same year, the source - separated collection of recyclables and compostables was equal to 24.3% of the total Italian MSW production (APAT-ONR, 2006). (Session A10: Waste recycling (II))

Waste generation is inevitable accompanied with economic activities. It is necessary for dealing with the waste problem to clarify the relationship between economic activities and waste generation. Input-output analysis is a conventional method to describe the flow of goods and services among different sectors of the economy. Recent years, new usefulness was found in input-output analysis as an effective method for LCA, especially for the waste treatment problem. There are pioneering research works by Professor Leontief which develop the conventional input-output analysis to deal with the flow of waste (Leontief, 1970, 1972, & Duchin, 1990). Nakamura and Kondo et al. also adopted this method to extend the conventional input-output model to the waste input-output model, which was called WIO (Kondo et al., 2002). (Session A15: LCA in waste management)

This paper explores the possibilities of using basic mechanical pre-treatment principals band Landfill mining approach to recover the discarded plastics from Nonthaburi solid waste disposal site in Thailand. The excavated wastes from the dumpsite were characterized for their physical composition and chemical characteristics according to their disposal age. The composition of solid waste excavated from the site showed high plastic wastes content (25 to 45%) of total weight.

A new paper and cardboard sorting and baling plant was recently started up by Felip Vilella I Fills, S.L., a company that collects, processes and recycles different types of waste. The new plant is an extension of the previously existing facilities that the company employ to handle other types of waste including end-of-life vehicles, scrap metal, batteries, glass and plastics, among others.

The present paper will give an overview of the main characteristics of waste combustion residues and will provide an outlook of the principles that should be applied for the selection of the appropriate management strategies for this type of wastes.

Paperinkeräys Oy is the largest and the oldest recovered paper company in Finland. It was established in 1943 by major forest industry companies, most of which are shareholders even today. Among them are also our biggest customers. Paperinkeräys is also a recovered paper producer responsibility organisation, which is authorised to organise the recovery of both domestic and imported printing and writing papers in Finland in strict observance of the Waste Act. We have agreements with paper producers and importers to take care of their product at the end of the life cycle.